what is what, which is which与who is who
这三个表达在口语中很常用,因为其结构相同,使用方法相似,所以常常被弄混。本文拟对其使用方法不同作一总结。
1、what is what
what’s what在口语中一般与动词know, learn, show, tell, perceive等连用,其主要使用方法有:
1. 表示“什么是什么”。如:
The weeds and the flowers are coming up together, and we can’t tell what is what. 杂草和花长在一块,大家都没法不同哪是草哪是花。
It will take you a few weeks to learn what’s what in the job. 你要花几个星期的工夫才能熟知这项工作。
2. 表示“好东西与坏东西”“有用的东西与无用的东西”“是非黑白”。如:
He can’t tell what’s what. 他好丑不分(from www.hxen.net)。
You’re old enough now to know what’s what. 你已经不小了,应该了解好歹了。
3. 表示“任何事情有用”“任何事情要紧”。如:
She certainly knows what’s what. 她当然了解轻重缓急。
4. 表示“事情的真相”“事情的到底”。如:
I keep my ears open and I know what’s what around the office. 我一直在注意听,了解办公室发生的状况。
If he gets angry enough, he’ll tell you what’s what. 倘若他生气到肯定的程度,他会对你说到底是如何一回事。
5. 表示“事情的秘诀”。如(from www.hxen.net):
When it comes to cooking, Jenny knows what’s what. 谈到烹饪,詹妮是内行。
Linda’s been in the business for thirty years—she knows what’s what. 琳达在这一行当里干了30年,非常老练了。
2、which is which
which is which的意思“什么是什么”,一般用于区别两个十分一样的人或事物,一般与动词tell, know等连用。如:
You don’t know which is which, do you? 你不了解什么是什么,对吗?
These kittens look exactly alike—how can you tell which is which? 这类小猫看起来完全相同,你如何能分出什么是什么?
The twins are so much alike that I can’t tell which is which. 这对双胞胎长得可真像,我都分不出哪个是哪个了。
Tag the bottles now or we’ll forget which is which. 把这类瓶子加上标签,不然的话,大家就忘了什么是什么了。
注:有时可用which…is which如此的形式。如(from www.hxen.net):
It took three months before we knew which end of the ship was which. 大家花了三个月时间才弄了解哪是船头哪是船尾。